Optimizing power networks for tomorrow's smart cities
The modern city, says Jie Liu, can be considered a web of networks that should run like a healthy, well-tuned circulatory system.
Automobile traffic in this "smart city" should move almost constantly, stopping or slowing as little as possible at traffic lights, on freeway ramps and in traffic circles, says Liu, a Ph.D. candidate in industrial engineering.
Likewise, electricity should flow through power lines at an optimal rate, high enough to achieve maximum efficiency but not so high that wires overheat.